ABSTRACT
Producing safe and high-quality fish and seafood products, for both domestic and export markets must be considered a priority for the entire fish and seafood chain, from fishers and producers towards consumers and food safety competent national authorities, who should update the relevant food safety legislation and ensure compliance with it. The aim of this study is to highlight the rules of hygiene and food safety that are imposed on the fisheries and seafood sector in order to prevent staff illness with Covid-19 and ensure the safety of products. Several practical recommendations are given for completion and improvement of the current preventive measures such as good hygiene practices to which is added specific protocols to safeguard the health of the employees who works in the fish and seafood production and processing sector.
ABSTRACT
The crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic has brought security policies at the center of the political debate, stressing the responsibility of European and national institutions in guaranteeing the right to food. In Europe, still in December 2019 the Commission document on CAP reforms and Green Deal omitted any reference to food security, underlying environmental topics. The pandemic has led to a growing demand for security of supplies, which in some States brought attention to the issues of food sovereignty, hitherto confined to developing countries. In December 2020, the European Commission, recognizing the effects of the pandemic, insisted on the need for "Fostering a smart, resilient and diversified agricultural sector ensuring food security", giving back attention to food security and agricultural production as essential purposes of the CAP. The question remains as to how much the renewed purposes assigned to European intervention will translate into coherent measures, and whether the declared simplification is not actually translating into the administration of agriculture, and thereby into complication. The challenge facing institutions today, in the context of the G20 and in individual countries, made manifest by the joint work of the pandemic and the climate emergency, is to combine joint attention to environmental sustainability and to effective production.
ABSTRACT
The history of the establishment of foodborne disease outbreak monitoring system in the United States was introduced and the surveillance data of foodborne disease outbreaks in the United States from 2011 to 2017 were analyzed and compared with that in China. It was found that there were obvious differences in the characteristics of surveillance data of foodborne disease outbreaks between China and the United States in the same period, and microbial pathogenic factors were the main cause of foodborne disease outbreaks. Facing the challenges of global trade integration and post epidemic era of COVID-19,China's foodborne disease outbreak monitoring system should accelerate the use of new technologies to improve the ability of identification and early warning, and foodborne disease outbreak data results should further play the technical support role in the formulation of relevant food safety management measures in China.
ABSTRACT
During the Covid-19 health crisis, global food consumption, especially that of pork products, experienced strong disruptions in a short time. The consumption per distribution channel of pork products and meat from other species was monitored by combining two complementary data sets. The Nielsen retailer panel provided automatic data collection from weekly cash registers for supermarkets and drive-through pickup while the KantarWorldpanel consumer panel released monthly data of at-home consumption behavior based on purchasing data in all distribution channels. Before the Covid-19 pandemic, out-of-home catering consumption was estimated to have an approximately 15% market share by volume within the pork sector. The almost total lockdown in France resulted in consumption being diverted to at-home supply chains. Consumers' search for proximity and social distancing has helped accelerate the fragmentation of distribution, favoring online distribution channels and alternative supermarkets to physical points of sale. Against a backdrop of a pronounced decrease in meat consumption over the past 10 years, fresh pork and self-service cold meats have served as safe-haven products in a context of reallocation of deli counter spending. Analysis of this atypical period of consumption leads to questioning the persistence of these behaviors in the medium term, both in terms of the products offered and the distribution channels.
ABSTRACT
[Purpose and significance] Since the initial outbreak of COVID-19, many local epidemics have been related to imported cold chain food, so the construction of an imported cold chain food traceability system is extremely urgent. In this paper, we propose the use of blockchain technology to build an imported cold chain food traceability system to achieve informatization of the whole chain for imported cold chain food. Under this system, when food quality or epidemic-related problems occur, it will be possible to clearly identify the responsible subject and trace the source of the problem to enable recall of products and other responses. The establishment of an imported cold chain food traceability system is of great significance in alleviating the pressure of the epidemic in China, improving regulatory efficiency, shaping the corporate brand image, and enhancing consumer trust. [Summary] First, we systematically categorize the reasons why imported cold chain food has repeatedly become a risk point during the epidemic. Second, we conduct a detailed analysis of the advantages of blockchain technology, which we propose to use to build an imported cold chain food traceability system;these advantages include its characteristics of decentralization and immutability. We also divide the traceability system into four layers: application, collection, communication, and data storage, and provide a brief description of each. Finally, in view of the difficulties and deficiencies faced in the construction of a blockchain traceability system, we put forward suggestions for improvement. In the context of normalization of the epidemic, an imported cold chain food traceability system based on blockchain technology can effectively solve the problems of information opacity, difficulties in information sharing, and poor information security. To enhance the application of blockchain technology to imported cold chain food traceability, we argue that the state, enterprises, and even consumers should participate in and use their different levels of power to contribute to the construction and development of a blockchain traceability system.
ABSTRACT
In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic broke out globally, and cold-chain food has become the key point of the task to prevent the coronavirus from spreading within the city/region or beyond. Using information tools like establishing a national cold-chain traceability management platform to control the risk of imported cold-chain food has become an important topic at present. The paper focuses on the technology used by provinces and cities in cold-chain traceability, and combined with the actual needs, analyzes the advantages of heterogeneous identification technology. This paper starts from the present situation, introducing the technical roadmap selecting of traceability of imported cold-chain food and elaborating the data circulation structure of traceability of imported cold-chain food. Based on that, this paper introduces the national traceability platform of imported cold-chain food and its core functions based on heterogeneous identification. Through the construction of a three-level framework with the national cold-chain traceability management platform, to make sure the cold chain food can be traceable and be manageable. Meanwhile, through the two applications of inter-provincial confirmation and data verification, the national management effect of imported cold chain food is improved. [Outlook] Currently, the platform mainly focuses on imported livestock, poultry and aquatic products. In the future, the traceability scope may be gradually expanded to help improve the management effect. Establishing the imported cold-chain food traceability platform has a good effect on improving the information management level and promoting the traceability efficiency of problematic food, which is conducive to ensuring food safety.
ABSTRACT
Cold chain logistics is important for reducing post-harvest losses of agricultural products and ensuring the safety of agricultural products. COVID-19 cases related to cold chains have occasionally occurred, prompting considerable and widespread attention to cold chain logistics. The establishment of an effective traceability system for agricultural products within cold chain logistics is vital for ensuring their safety during the COVID-19 pandemic and achieving accurate traceability and recall. A study was conducted to assess the developmental status of cold chain logistics for China's agriculture products and identify challenges associated with cold chain logistics in the context of COVID-19. The study highlighted the advantages of blockchain-based traceability of agricultural products within cold chain logistics. Accordingly, a blockchain-based system was constructed for ensuring effective traceability of agricultural products within cold chain logistics extending from the production to the sales areas (i.e., from the field to the table). First, the demand for a traceability system was analyzed in detail from the perspective of the government, enterprises, and consumers. Second, six layers of the system architecture, comprising perceptions, data, networks, and the core, application, and user layers were delineated. Next, a storage mechanism and the system flow were designed and analyzed, and the on-chain and off-chain storage mechanisms of the "Inter Planetary File System+ blockchain" were applied for data storage, thereby addressing the deficiency of the blockchain and improving the operation and query efficiency of the traceability system. Lastly, the main functions of three respective ports for the government, enterprises, and consumers were introduced. This system can effectively resolve various challenges, such as tracing the entire process of cold chain logistics for agricultural products and a lack of clarity regarding assigned responsibility. Thus, the traceability of the entire process of cold chain logistics for agricultural products can be achieved, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of oversight of agricultural production, which ensures the quality and safety of agricultural products and strengthens consumers' trust in food safety.
ABSTRACT
Fresh fruits and vegetables carry a heavy load of microorganisms which may cause the risks of food-borne illness to the consumer. Even after washing with water, there is a need for sanitization and disinfection to drop down a load of harmful microbes under the safe limit. Sanitizers and disinfectants are not only cost-effective but also nonhazardous and eco-friendly. Moreover, they should not hamper the organoleptic and nutritional properties of fresh produce. With rising demand for safe, nutritious, and fresh fruits and vegetables, many new disinfectants and treatments are commercially available. During this COVID-19 outbreak, knowledge of sanitizers and disinfectants for fresh fruits and vegetables is very important. This review focuses on working principles, applications, and related legislation of physical and chemical disinfection technologies (chlorine, chlorine dioxide, ozone, organic acids, electrolyzed water, irradiation, ultrasound etc.) and their effectiveness for shelf-life extension of fresh produce.
ABSTRACT
Since the 1990s, food safety has caused widespread concern from all walks of life. According to the theory of bibliometrics and scientific knowledge map and knowledge mining method, this paper quantitatively analyzed and visualized 3024 food safety papers and 31032 references in the core collection of Web of Science (WoS) to explore their research status, topic evolution and development trend. The number of academic papers in the field of international food safety increased by 11 times during the past 31 years;the knowledge structure of this field consists of foodborne pathogenic bacteria, food safety cognition, public health and food safety management;its research topics showed an evolution from consumer behavior and food-borne diseases to food safety risk management, food safety governance, food traceability system, food testing, to food global value chain, heavy metal excess, pesticide residues, food safety culture, to blockchain technology, Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, food fraud;food safety knowledge and willingness to pay premium, food contamination, aquatic seafood safety, vegetable safety, blockchain, COVID-19 represent the frontier trends, so as to provide references for academic research and government supervision in this field.
ABSTRACT
The relationship between international trade and animal health is particularly important in the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) of the World Trade Organization - WTO. Supported by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), SPS measures are scientifically justified and play an important role in placing epidemiology at the center of decisions related to health and animal trade. The objective of this study was to discuss the interactions between the international meat trade and the epidemiology of zoonotic diseases of viral origin, in a debate on how the current Covid-19 pandemic could change the consumer behavior related to health and hygiene issues, and how the meat sector was affected by SPS measures, highlighting the relevance of Brazil in this context.
ABSTRACT
Many pandemic diseases have emerged in the history and millions of people affected from these diseases. Among the marked pandemics in history, the plague, known as the black death, was recorded to cause the death of 17-54% of the world population. Similar to previous pandemics, as the SARS CoV-2, which emerged in 2019 and belonged to the coronavirus family, caused an epidemic and turned into a pandemic infection, positive cases were detected in more than 483 million people, and more than 6.1 million people died. While this emerging epidemic is still continuing its effects, it has been determined that there are positive cases in pets such as dogs and cats, especially in mink (Neovison vison). Especially in Denmark, Netherlands and Finland, positive animals for COVID-19 were accepted. Unlike the pandemic until today, the COVID-19 has spread to broader geographies and affected many animal species. With the reports that the SARS-CoV-2 - was first transmitted from bats to humans, this viral agent has been accepted as zoonotic, but a complete transmission route has not been shown for its transmission from other animals to humans except bats. It is reported that there is no significant risk of transmission of the virus, which is transmitted primarily by the respiratory route, from both pets and edible foods to humans. Although there are many reports in terrestrial animals, studies on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 - in aquatic animals or aquatic environments and COVID-19 transmission in aquatic animals have doubts. Here we reviewed the viability of the SARS-CoV-2 - in the aquatic environment, transmission to the aquatic ecosystem and aquatic animals, and therefore the risks to humans through water or aquatic products.
ABSTRACT
This proceedings contains 96 papers on ocean biodiversity;breeding, reproduction, feeding and diseases of aquacultured fish and shellfish;water quality;fishery management, seafood preservation and quality;aquaculture and fishery economics and the impact of COVID-19 on aquaculture and fishery production.
ABSTRACT
During the years of 2015-2016 in Greece, an increase of imports of poultry meat has been occurred on a level of 10.2%, whereas in the years of 2018-2019 the increase has only reached the level of 1.9%. On the contrary, a reduction on a level of 14.2% on poultry meat imports, in Greece, between the years of 2019-2020 have shown the possible implications of the COVID-19 pandemic to poultry meat consumption and possibly to chicken meat consumption. Moreover, the Food related lifestyle (FRL) can be defined as a system of consumers' cognitive categories and relationships that connect a set of food-related behaviours, with a set of personal values of each consumer. Hence, this paper aims to segment Greek consumers according to their food-related lifestyles values and is tried to identify the aspects that may determine consumers' behaviour towards chicken meat preference, during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Four consumer segments appeared: "Sociable and safety seekers", "Light concerned and cooks", "Unconcerned and price seekers", "Innovative and moderate concerned". Uni- and multivariate statistical techniques have been used. Consumers' profiles that demonst-rated different food-related attitudes towards the pandemic were analysed with the use of variables: gender, age, marital status, educational level, monthly income and chicken meat quality cues. Significant differences were found between the four segments in terms of gender, age and income. Moreover, "Light concerned and cooks" and "Innovative and moderate concerned" consumers revealed to consider the place of purchasing as a dominant extrinsic quality cue of chicken meat. Furthermore, these consumers appeared to trust butcher in terms of the safety of chicken meat that they purchased, whereas only the consumers of the segment of "Light concerned and cooks" showed a willingness to pay a higher amount for chicken meat that is produced by animal welfare standards.
ABSTRACT
Due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, many areas of public life had to respond. That also included the university teaching. The veterinary universities / faculties of Germany, Austria and Switzerland have a common catalogue of teaching objectives, which was created and established by the working group: "Teaching in the food hygiene subjects of the German-speaking countries". This allowed the authors to guarantee uniform and efficient teaching. After the first SARS-CoV-2 wave in spring 2020, a summary of the first semester within the pandemic is summarized within this work from the lecturers' point of view. It showed that e-learning elements in the form of videos, pictures, case reports etc. have great potential to embrace teaching. Due to the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it became necessary to switch to complete distance learning. The available resources (Blackboard, Webex etc.) can be used specifically to convey the necessary learning objectives. At the same time, however, the strong limitations of this type of teaching were recognized. The physical presence at the educational establishment is and remains indispensable to prepare students for their future work as a veterinarian in the field of food safety and food hygiene.
ABSTRACT
Since July 2020, nucleic acids of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 were frequently detected in cold chain food imported to China, making imported food being a potential risk to the COVID-19 outbreak. Based on the epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, imported cold-chain food and their packaging may become the carriers of SARS-CoV-2 in long-distance cross-border transportation. In each aspect of stakeholders including governmental supervision, manufacturers and consumers, China should strengthen the risk management of imported cold-chain food to ensure the safety, especially pay attention to the health protection of industry workers in close contact with cold -chain food.
ABSTRACT
The impact of COVID-19 epidemic on China's pig. industry was analyzed from pig production. pork consumption and pig prices. The results showed that the epidemic led to the poor circulation of feed and livestock products. the increase of operating costs of breeding enterprises, the difficulty of starting work of feed enterprises and slaughtering enterprises etc., which significantly hindered the. recovery process of pig production capacity, and affect the realization of the goal of pig production capacity recovery throughout the year;the total consumption and outdoor consumption of pork decreased significantly, but the proportion of pork consumption added indirectly With the consumption of poultry meal and eggs increased, the price of pigs increased in general and the regional price gap widened. In the shun term. [he pig industry would face the problems of the situation that prevention of Africa swine fever was still severe and the support policies fall into the "difficulties of grass-roots implementation", and so on. Based on this. policy suggestions were put forward.
ABSTRACT
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 is contagious and fatal to humans. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, significant concerns on food safety and security are rising due to potential interspecies transmission. As such, surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 on imported meat and animal parts is carried out and reported in this study to safeguard food safety and security. Overall, none of the 225 samples from various livestock (buffaloes, cattle, goat and pig) imported from seven countries were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) from July 2020 to November 2021. This study finding serves as a baseline data for SARS-CoV-2 in imported meat and animal parts. Notably, this study accentuated the importance of active surveillance to prevent zoonosis and to safeguard food safety and security.
ABSTRACT
Background: Breast milk provides the ideal nutrition for infants. It has a nearly perfect mix of vitamins, protein, and fat. Breastfeeding has many health benefits for both the mother and infant. Breast milk contains all the nutrients an infant needs in the first six months of life. The present study aimed to measure aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) levels in breast milk and identify nutritional and socio-demographic factors associated with AFM1 levels.
ABSTRACT
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which emerged in 2019, is a serious respiratory disease. "Stay at home", "good hygiene" and "social distance" campaigns have been launched to prevent the spread of the virus worldwide. However, these measures were not enough to prevent the devastating effect of the virus, and these new conditions affected the purchasing behavior of consumers. The study, consumers' perspectives on online shopping and food safety during the COVID-19 pandemic were determined. In the study, the sample size was calculated using the proportional sample size formula and was determined as 150. The Covid-19 epidemic has changed the consumption and purchasing attitudes of people in our country as well as in the world. With the change in purchasing behavior, there is an increase in the level of awareness about food safety. According to the results of the research, it has been determined that consumers have a positive attitude towards online shopping and will continue to shop online after the pandemic. In addition, during the pandemic period, consumers should be aware of the expiration date of the food, the hygiene of the place where they buy food, the proper storage of food at home, the reading of the content on the label, gloves, masks, aprons, etc. It has been determined that they pay attention to clothing, brand, additives, food, safety and quality standards, production date, glass packaging. Manufacturers need to pay attention to food safety.
ABSTRACT
Campylobacteriosis is one of the most well-characterized bacterial foodborne infections worldwide, the species are the most common zoonotic pathogens. Chicken and chicken products are known to be the major sources of Campylobacter infection in humans. Campylobacter species represent one of the most common causes of bacterial diarrheal illness worldwide, it is the main cause of bacterial gastrointestinal infections occurring at any age, but it peaks in children and young adults. This study aims to investigate the presence and prevalence of Campylobacter bacteria in humans and chicken and aims for determination the extent of the contamination of this bacteria. The study involved two parts;the first part designed for isolation Campylobacter species from chickens which were alive, while the second part was about isolation Campylobacter species from human stool samples for different ages. The current study based on analysis of three hundred and fifty (350) stool samples taken from humans with different ages. The patients samples were collected from Al-Batool Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Pediatric, Baquba Teaching Hospital and Central Health Laboratories in Diyala, these patients were had vary clinical aspects like : (diarrhea, Fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and cramp, fatigue and muscle pain). On the other hand, one hundred seventy five (175) stool samples of chicken which they apparently had diarrhea were collected randomly from different areas of Diyala Governorate. The collection of both humans and chicken samples were during 2020 - 2021. The analysis of 350 samples of patients their ages ranged from 3 months to 59 years showed that the mean +or- SD of age was 24.5 +or- 14.3 years. The most predominant age group was 20-29 years (26.9%), while the lowest age group was 50-59 years (4.9%). Regarding the gender, 151 (43.1%) of the included patients were male and 199 (56.9%) were female. Patients included in the current study were collected from four districts of Diyala province. The highest collection rate was from Baquba district 217(62.0%), while the lowest collection rate was from Baladrooz district 18 (5.1%). the distribution of clinical signs and symptoms of included patients. Persistent diarrhea forming the predominance of signs 179 (51.1%), followed by watery diarrhea 55 (15.7%), while the least sign was vomiting 1(3%). Furthermore, 15 (4.3%) of patients showed all that signs and symptoms. The signs and symptoms were : diarrhea was found in 194 (55.4%) patients, followed by watery diarrhea in 77 (22.0%) patients. Fever was found in 30 (8.6%) patients. The least sign was nausea which was found in 15 (4.3%) patients. Abdominal pain and cramps were detected in 22 (6.3%) patients. Out of 350 stool specimens submitted for bacteriological culture, 62 (17.7%) were positive versus 288 (82.3%) were negative. Among the 62-culture positive, 13 specimens yield Campylobacter growth, so the campylobacter detection rate among human specimens was 3.7%. The isolated Campylobacter were as follow;11(3.1%) were Campylobacter jejuni, one (0.3%) was Campylobacter coli, one (0.3%) was undifferentiated campylobacter. On the other hand, 58 (16.6%) of the specimens yield bacterial growth other than Campylobacter, as follows: E. coli was detected in 28 (8.0%), Proteus Spp. was detected in 12 (3.4%), H. pylori was detected in 10 (2.9%) and Klebsiella Spp. was detected in 8 (2.3%). The remaining specimens 279 (79.7%) yield no growth. The results of the PCR technique revealed that 8 (2.38%) specimens were positive for Campylobacter, while the majority 335 (95.7%) were negative and 7(2.0%) of the specimens were not done. While the analysis of 175 chicken fecal samples taken from chickens were mainly suffering from diarrhea showed that the distribution of chickens according to their ages in days showed predominance was those 30-39 (40.6%) days old. It is clear that the majority of specimens (74.3%) were collected from Baquba districts. The results showed that specimens collected Al- Muqdadiya district farms had yielded the high